[imagesource:getarchive]
Archaeologists have found evidence of a mass execution of German prisoners who were forced to dig their own graves and then shot by the French Resistance a few days after D-Day, during World War Two.
France surrendered to Germany in 1940, but the underground French Resistance gathered strength in the years that followed, eventually joining the Allied invasion in Normandy on the infamous D-Day.
Almost a century later, French and German teams discovered bullets and cartridges, as well as coins, at a remote site in central France identified by the last surviving witness.
The eight-day excavation in wooded hills near the town of Meymac, however, failed to unearth human remains.
“The bodies are definitely there somewhere. We are not going to stop now,” said Xavier Kompa, head of the French Veterans’ Affairs Office in the Corrèze department.
The search was sparked after a 98-year-old former Resistance fighter, Edmond Réveil, revealed the killings after an 80-year silence. His account of the events describes the horrors of war perfectly as he recalled the reaction of the German prisoners when they were told they were to be shot.
“They knew what was coming… They got out their wallets and looked at (photographs of) their families. There was no crying out. They were soldiers,” he said. “They were shot in the chest from a distance of four or five metres.”
The prisoners – 46 German soldiers and one French woman collaborator – had been ordered to dig their own graves in the form of a long trench.
Twenty bullets, as well as bullet-shells of French, German, American and Swiss manufacture – the variety of weaponry used by the Resistance – were found alongside five coins that date back to 1944.
The teams will now continue searching the area, and exhume any bodies if found.
The Normandy landings – often referred to as D-Day – saw the Allied forces of the US, UK and Canada begin an attack that lasted for 11 months. It eventually led to the defeat of Nazi Germany and the liberation of occupied Europe.
Days after D-Day, French fighters continued to capture German troops, with the killing of captured soldiers occurring on both sides as the resistance fighters were forced to flee German reinforcements.
Réveil was part of the Resistance escort moving north-east with their captives, taking mountain paths to avoid German patrols. After three days walking, on 12 June, the commander radioed to headquarters for orders. This was when he was told to have the prisoners shot. Some Czechoslovakian and Polish nationals were spared.
Following the killing, the 30 or so Resistance fighters swore never to mention it again. Réveil says that he did not personally take part in the killing, but as the last witness still alive, he felt he had to speak out.
“It needs to be told. It’s been a secret long enough.”
Strangely enough, the area was excavated in 1967, and 11 bodies were found. However, the dig was stopped suddenly, and all official records of the incident had been ‘expunged’. The likely reason could be that former members of the Resistance – who were still influential in French politics – did not wish to resurrect something that could destroy the heroic image of the French Resistance.
“The guardians of the memory of the Resistance were fearful it would harm their name. But today no-one wants to cast judgment. People understand that in war all acts become possible.”
Réveil believes that it’s time to tell the truth. “You can be on the side of the righteous, and still carry out what is morally wrong.”
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